All individuals desire for their homes to be a safe sanctuary and a place that promotes physical and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, some of the materials used in home construction can pose health risks due to harmful chemicals. This is the case with certain vinyl flooring products that may already be installed in your home.
Vinyl flooring is typically made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a common chemical in the construction industry. According to the Ecology Center organization, exposure to these toxins can lead to asthma, respiratory issues, and hormonal disruptions. To understand the threat posed by vinyl flooring, it’s important to be familiar with two key terms: off-gassing and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Off-gassing refers to the release of harmful gases from apparently inert objects like building materials, while VOCs are the toxic substances released into the air through off-gassing. Most people detect VOCs through strong and irritating odors.
One of the most concerning VOCs associated with vinyl flooring is butyl benzyl phthalate, a chemical used to make vinyl flooring sheets more flexible (a plasticizer). A recent study published in a healthcare academic journal identified this chemical as hazardous, leading major brands to commit to discontinuing its use. Many manufacturers have since switched to a safer alternative plasticizer called dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), which does not pose acute toxicity risks. However, older vinyl flooring may still contain butyl benzyl phthalate.
So, is new vinyl flooring safe now?
In general, newly manufactured vinyl flooring is much safer than before. However, recycled vinyl flooring made from old flooring containing butyl benzyl phthalate could still pose risks. Additionally, toxic VOCs or PVC may be introduced during vinyl flooring installation through adhesives and substrates like medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Most sheet flooring requires adhesive for installation.
Ridged vinyl flooring, also known as luxury vinyl plank flooring (LVP), has always had lower plasticizer content. With the removal of butyl benzyl phthalate from many major brands, LVP now has even fewer VOC emissions. Any potential VOCs in LVP mainly come from additional construction components. LVP with a wood polymer core may have slightly higher VOC levels.
The flooring industry has responded to consumer concerns about VOCs and PVC by adopting safer manufacturing practices. Consumers can look for LVP flooring labeled as low-VOC products. However, it’s important to note that all manufactured floor coverings, including carpet, LVP, underlayment, foam pads, and adhesives, will release VOCs. For individuals sensitive to VOC odors, choosing flooring options like ceramic tile, quality wood flooring, or stone/marble flooring, which have no VOCs, is recommended.
